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1.
Acta cir. bras ; 35(8): e202000808, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1130670

ABSTRACT

Abstract Infectious viruses pose a threat to all living organisms, including humans, and can cause significant morbidity. Previous experience with pigs in medical education and research, rather than in domestic control settings, has led to a unique perspective on viral infections in swine. In this article, common porcine infectious diseases have been listed, based mainly on the authors' experience thus far. For example, young domestic pigs that were used in surgical training and infected with hepatitis E were subjected to quarantine and isolation treatment, and attempts were made to develop a DNA vaccine for swine influenza arising from swine-to-human transmission. More recent research has focused on preventing infection by the African swine virus, a current threat. We hope that this article of porcine infectious diseases identified at the School of Medicine will help develop a breakthrough with regard to coronavirus disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Virus Diseases/veterinary , Sus scrofa/virology , Disease Models, Animal , Education, Medical , Swine , Virus Diseases/transmission , Japan
2.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 55(3): e140200, Outubro 25, 2018.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-969177

ABSTRACT

Several factors can affect bovine mammary gland health and although bacterial mastitis is the most studied and reported cause, viral infections may also have negative effects on bovine udder health. Viral infections can indirectly damage the papillary duct of the teat, and induce or exacerbate signs of bovine mastitis due to viral-induced immunosuppressive effects that may lead to a greater susceptibility to bacterial mastitis and even intensify the severity of established bacterial infections. Some viruses (Bovine alphaherpesvirus2, cowpox, pseudocowpox, foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and papillomavirus) affect the integrity of the udder skin, leading to teat lesions, favoring the entry of mastitis-causing pathogens. It is therefore possible that the association between mastitis and viruses is underestimated and may, for example, be associated with negative bacterial culture results. Few milk samples are tested for the presence of viruses, mainly because of the more laborious and expensive procedures required. Furthermore, samples for virus testing would require specific procedures in terms of collection, handling and storage. Thus, there is a knowledge gap in regard to the actual impact of viruses on bovine udder health. Despite the fact that serum anti-virus antibodies can be detected, there is not enough evidence to confirm or exclude the effect of viruses on udder health. However, any expectation of milk production from healthy animals should consider the possible impact of viral infections in mastitis development and not underestimate the importance of actions to diagnose and control the disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the association of diagnosis and control of viral diseases and their effect on bovine udder health.(AU)


Diversos fatores podem afetar a saúde da glândula mamária bovina e embora a mastite bacteriana seja a causa mais estudada e relatada, as infecções virais também podem ter efeitos negativos sobre a saúde da glândula mamária bovina. De forma indireta as infecções virais podem danificar o ducto papilar do teto ou ainda, induzir ou agravar a mastite bovina, devido aos seus efeitos imunossupressores que podem levar a uma maior susceptibilidade para casos de mastite bacteriana e até mesmo intensificar a severidade das infecções bacterianas já estabelecidas. Alguns vírus (Alphaherpesvirus bovino 2, cowpox, pseudocowpox, febre aftosa, estomatite vesicular e papilomavírus) afetam a integridade da pele do úbere, levando a lesões no teto, favorecendo a entrada de patógenos causadores de mastite. Portanto é possível que a associação entre mastites e viroses seja subestimada e podem, por exemplo, estar associada às amostras de diagnóstico de mastite bacteriana com resultados de cultura bacteriana negativa. Além disso, as amostras de leite de vacas com mastite não são coletadas, tratadas e armazenadas adequadamente para pesquisa de vírus que requer cuidados específicos, além de um diagnóstico mais trabalhoso e caro. Desse modo, há lacunas a serem preenchidas quanto ao real impacto das viroses sobre a saúde da glândula mamária bovina. Apesar da possibilidade de detecção de anticorpos séricos contra os vírus, não existem evidências suficientes para incluir ou excluir os efeitos das viroses a saúde da glândula mamária bovina. Porém, a expectativa de produção de leite por meio de animais saudáveis deve considerar os possíveis impactos das infecções virais no desenvolvimento de mastites, não se pode, portanto, subestimar a importância de ações para o diagnóstico e controle das mesmas. Sendo assim, o propósito desta revisão é descrever as relações entre o diagnóstico de controle das doenças virais e seus potenciais impactos sobre a saúde da glândula mamária bovina.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Virus Diseases/diagnosis , Virus Diseases/veterinary , Cattle/abnormalities , Mammary Glands, Animal/abnormalities
3.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(4): 747-753, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889165

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The red-tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) is a threatened species of psittacine bird that inhabit coastal regions of Brazil. In view of the threat of this species, the aim of this study was to perform a health evaluation in wild nestlings in Rasa Island, determining the prevalence of enterobacteria and infectious agents according to type of nest. Blood samples were collected from 64 birds and evaluated for antibodies of Chlamydia psittaci by commercial dot-blot ELISA. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs samples were collected from 23 birds from artificial wooden nests, 15 birds from PVC nests and 2 birds from natural nests for microbiological analysis. Swab samples were collected from 58 parrots for C. psittaci detection by PCR and from 50 nestlings for Avian Influenza, Newcastle Disease and West Nile viruses' detection analysis by real-time RT-PCR. Ten bacterial genera and 17 species were identified, and the most prevalent were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca. There was no influence of the type of nest in the nestlings' microbiota. All samples tested by ELISA and PCR were negative. There is currently insufficient information available about the health of A. brasiliensis and data of this study provide a reference point for future evaluations and aid in conservation plans.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Viruses/isolation & purification , Bird Diseases/microbiology , Bird Diseases/virology , Virus Diseases/veterinary , Amazona/microbiology , Amazona/virology , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/genetics , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Viruses/classification , Viruses/genetics , Brazil , Virus Diseases/virology , Endangered Species , Islands , Animals, Wild/microbiology , Animals, Wild/virology
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 73(4): 797-800, 1jan. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468147

ABSTRACT

Pollination is critical for food production and has the particularity of linking natural ecosystems with agricultural production systems. Recently, losses of bumblebee species have been reported worldwide. In this study, samples from a commercial exploitation of bumblebees of Argentina with a recent history of deaths were studied using a multiplex PCR for the detection of the honey bee viruses most frequently detected in South America. All samples analysed were positive for co-infections with Deformed wing virus, Black queen cell virus and Sacbrood virus. This is the first report of infection of Bombus atratus with honey bee viruses. A better understanding of viral infections in bumblebees and of the epidemiology of viruses could be of great importance as bumblebees can serve as possible viral reservoirs, resulting in pathogen spillover towards honey bees and native bumblebees.


A polinização é essencial para a produção de alimentos e tem como particularidade a conexão entre os ecossistemas naturais com sistemas de produção agrícola. Recentemente, as perdas de espécies de bumblebee em todo o mundo têm sido relatadas. Neste trabalho, amostras de uma exploração comercial de bumblebee da Argentina, com recente história de mortes foram estudadas utilizando uma Multiplex PCR para a detecção de vírus de abelha mais frequentemente detectados na América do Sul. Todas as amostras analisadas foram positivas para as co-infecções com Deformed wing virus, Black queen cell viruses e Sacbrood virus. Este trabalho descreve o primeiro relato de infecção de Bombus atratus com vírus de abelhas. Uma melhor compreensão das infecções virais em bumblebee e da epidemiologia dos vírus poderia ser de grande importância, uma vez que tais abelhas podem servir como reservatório viral, com possível repercussão tanto na produtividade de abelhas melíferas como afetando-as diretamente.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees/virology , Coinfection/veterinary , Pollination , Virus Diseases/veterinary
6.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 28(12): 588-592, Dec. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-509314

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to assess the relationship between antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) determined in the bulk tank milk (BTM) and the within-herd seroprevalence. We also assessed the efficiency of measuring antibody levels in BTM samples to monitor BVDV infection status in a herd. In the 81 farms included in the study, BTM samples were obtained and blood samples withdrawn from all cattle older than one year. The infection status was then determined in serum and milk using a commercial blocking ELISA based on the detection of anti-p80 antibodies. Apart from these baseline serum and milk samples, another BTM sample was collected from each herd 9 months later, and a third BTM sample obtained 9 months after this. In these second and third milk samples, anti-BVDV antibodies were determined using the same ELISA kit. Statistical tests revealed good agreement between herd seroprevalences (% seropositive animals in the herd) and the antibody levels detected in the BTM samples. During the 18 months of follow-up, the farms with persistently infected cattle at the study outset (14.8% of the herds) showed a significant decrease in BTM antibody titers after virus clearance. Conversely, a significant increase in BTM antibody levels was observed in the herds infected with BVDV during the follow-up period. Our findings indicate that monitoring antibody levels in the BTM is a useful method of identifying changes in the BVDV infection status of a herd.(AU)


Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar a relação entre os níveis de anticorpos frente ao vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV) no tanque de leite e a prevalência de animais seropositivos em cada rebanho; e também avaliar a eficiência da medição dos níveis de anticorpos no tanque de leite como método de monitoramento do status de infecção frente ao BVDV. Nos rebanhos estudados, obtiveram-se amostras de soro de todos os animais com idade superior a um ano, assim como uma amostra de tanque coletivo de leite. As amostras de soro e leite foram analisados por um teste ELISA de bloqueio baseado na detecção de anticorpos anti-p80. Posteriormente coletaram-se mais duas amostras do tanque de leite em cada exploração com intervalos de nove meses entre as coletas. Estas amostras foram analisadas com o mesmo ELISA. A análise estatística mostrou uma boa relação entre a soroprevalência dos rebanhos e a percentagem de inibição na amostra de tanque de leite. No decorrer do procedimento, aquelas explorações que possuíam animais PI no início do estudo (que representavam 14.8% dos rebanhos estudados) mostraram um decréscimo estatísticamente significativo dos níveis de anticorpos após a eliminação dos animais persistentemente infectados. Ao contrário, as explorações que sofreram a introdução da infecção durante o estudo mostram um incremento significativo nos níveis de anticorpos no leite. Nossas conclusões indicam que a avaliação de níveis de anticorpos no tanque de leite é um método útil de identificar mudanças do estado sorológico da infecção BVDV de rebanhos leiteiros.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Virus Diseases/veterinary , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/isolation & purification , Epidemiological Monitoring/veterinary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Antibodies
8.
Rev. patol. trop ; 19(2): 121-6, jul.-dez. 1990. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-151069

ABSTRACT

No período de julho de 1986 a junho de 1987 foram contadas, quinzenalmete, larvas de Dermatobia hominis em 16 bovinos zebu x holandês, na faixa etária de 16 a 48 meses. Nódulos, com larvas de Dermatobia hominis ocorreram no decorrer do experimento, mas a partir de novembro, coincidindo com o início do período chuvoso, o seu número começou aumentar, atingindo pico máximo no mês de abril, final da estaçäo chuvosa. Esses valores sugerem uma influência ambiental, principalmente, da umidade relativa do ar e da precipitaçäo pluviométrica. Em relaçäo às seis regiöes do corpo dos bovinos, verificou-se uma maior porcentagem de nódulos na regiäo do costado com 40,10 pôr cento, seguida pela paleta com 30,37 pôr cento. Foram assinalados apenas quatro abscessos relacionados com a presença de bernes


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Virus Diseases/veterinary , Cattle , Torovirus , Seasons , Abscess , Myiasis
9.
Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences [AJVS]. 1990; 6 (1): 225-239
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-15319

ABSTRACT

PPR was recorded for the first time in sheep in Egypt. The history, the clinical signs, P.M. findings, epidemiology, virus isolation, detection of viral antigen and antibodies by ELISA test, the economic impact and method of control were discussed


Subject(s)
Animals , Virus Diseases/veterinary , Sheep
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